Showing posts with label Russia. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Russia. Show all posts

Thursday, February 21, 2013

Word of the Day: Prolegomenon

Here's a word for you: prolegomenon. It is an introduction to a larger body of work. The best example is the essay you skip over at the beginning of classic works by some long-winded, self-important professor who wants to make the subject as dry and dull as possible. I found this word as the first heading in a technical white paper that was supposed to be about a cyber security tool. At the first blink, it appeared to be pretentious. But I was unfamiliar with the word and my first impression was replaced by curiosity and perhaps slight admiration. 

Now that I've looked it up, I am torn. Is the author guilty of grandiloquence? Did his marketing team shrug, knowing his fondness for sesquipedalian loquaciousness and the rimbombante  tantrums of a prima donna when his pretension is called out? Or should I feel grateful that he has expanded my vocabulary and added an intellectual flair to a writing style that discourages creativity? 

Like most humans when faced with a person I do not immediately understand, I assumed he is like me and tried to determine his motives based on the contents of my own heart and conscience. This projection bias often gets us into trouble when the other person is not like you (probability=99.999%). However, lacking additional information about the author's personality and history, there's no harm in trying my shoes on him. 

If I had been exposed to the word and then chosen to introduce my white paper with it, I would probably had done so as a smartass. Without malice, of course. It would have been my way of winking at you through the black-and-white text, hoping you didn't mistake me for a grandiloquent, pretentious twit. I would have hoped that 80% of the readers skipped that arcane word and dug into the meat of my paper, that 10% of the people would have looked up the unfamiliar word and found themselves edified, and the final 10% would be familiar with the word and assume (in error) that I am at least their intellectual equivalent.

Fortunately, I was exposed to the word through the aforementioned white paper. Now, I not only know what it means but I know one way to not use the word: in a white paper. I am sure there is a time and place for that word just as there is for everything else. But if you want to be read, you must consider your audience. For example, this blog is mostly read by spambots and Russians seeking to sell penile enlargements, if the unpublished comments are any guide. And technical white papers are read by young, overworked people who may only have a high school diploma and a certification or two. 

The final result in my case was that I paused at the first word: Prolegomenon. That word distracted me, and I have since researched the word and written this blog post. I'm not sure if I can find the white paper again--I doubt I will find time to read it now. Other readers may have overlooked it or judged the paper as a waste of time based on the prominence of such a pretentious and abstruse word. 

I'm glad that I learned a new word, and that I have this fresh reminder to seek to be intelligible more than intelligent. Unless you hold to the wisdom of Oscar Wilde who warned, "Nowadays to be intelligible is to be found out."

I leave you with a new favorite quote from an old favorite wordsmythe, William Shakespeare:
He's winding up the watch of his wit; by and by it will strike. (Sebastian in The Tempest)

Sunday, January 27, 2008

President Bill Clinton: Lessons for 2008

I hope that you did not see the title of this post and roll your eye's. I would have if this was on someone else's blog. I am already sick of the primaries, and they have barely begun to gather steam. However, I am a citizen of a Democracy; I am morally obligated to inform myself of the issues and vote with my intellect, heart, and conscience.

You are also morally obligated to do the same, by the way. If you are one of the majority of Americans who votes rarely and ignorantly, then shame on you. Americans who do not make an effort to analyze the issues and candidates, and vote on a regular basis, are more responsible for our society's problems than the corrupt and inept politicians we point our fingers at. Whether you hate G.W. Bush or Hillary and Teddy, you can place the blame of their re-elections solely on the fact that most Americans are not informed and/or do not vote regularly.

Okay, I'll promise to quit preaching if you promise to read and vote prior to the elections this year. Deal? I am off my soapbox.

Why I am already sick of the Presidential Primaries: I am sick of the mudslinging. I am sick of the lack of information and the overabundance of hot air. I am sick of real issues being ignored in favor of safer topics, dumbed-down for public consumption. I am really sick of sound-bites and long for one person to speak clearly, earnestly, and intelligently on a regular basis. I detest anything that appears fake or misleading, and that is the feel I get from every candidate in every election. Of course I am over-cynical; but I blame that on the system.

Even so, I have to pick through the B.S. and make some decisions. "None of the above" is not a ballot option, and would not improve our democracy. So I wince, I pinch my nose, and I make an effort to trudge into the mire of 2008 candidates to find one that can do the least damage at least. I hope I will be pleasantly surprised and find someone who I passionately believe will lead our nation to prosperity, freedom, and peace without compromising our strength, integrity, values, or history.

This morning, I was researching a topic for my MBA class and stumbled on an interesting concept called Baumol's Disease. This is not a medical term but an economic term. Dr. William Baumol (PhD) is an NYU economist who, in 1966, defined Baumol's Disease as the fact that labor-intensive industries do not benefit from technological advances. This is important to point out because we expect that as technology advances, we will become more productive and our costs will go down. We see this in manufacturing the most: robots, engineering, and statistical analysis allows up to build more widgets for less cost.

However, as Dr. Baumol pointed out, some industries and professions cannot benefit from technological advances. No matter what media you use, it will always take the same amount of time to play a piece of music. For my research, the author (Bobby Newbell, M.D.) was pointing out that regardless of technology, it still takes the same amount of time for a Family Physician to examine you. There are computers, tools, books, theories, and various devices to assist a doctor today that did not exist 50 years ago; however, the doctor is still limited by one pair of eyes and one pair of hands. In the same vein, as Dr. Newbell points out, it still takes a nurse the same amount of time to change a dressing as it did 50 years ago. The dressing material and chemicals used may be more advanced, but you still have the same nurse cutting, pealing, wiping, and tying.

Baumol's Disease should be kept in mind when we analyze any issue preceded by a dollar sign. Not all costs can be reduced by technology. Dr. Newbell touched on, and Dr. Baumol wrote at length on, the effects of Baumol's Disease on health care costs. They have to rise because we live in an inflationary economy. Doctors and Nurses require more money every year to treat you in order for them to afford the rising costs around them. Health Care can increase the quality of their care through technology, and may be able to reduce administrative costs by using more databases and less clerks. However, it is not possible to reduce the labor costs of health care professionals with our current technology.

Dr. Baumol's professional opinion based on his research (as I understand it from my limited reading) is that the increase of health care costs is inevitable. As long as we insist on humane and scientific treatment of our health, we will have to expect our health care costs to rise. Of course, how we pay for these rising costs is just as confounding as how we may decrease the costs.

This election cycle has brought up the issue of health care again. If you hear a politician promise to lower health-care costs, you can now automatically assume that they are lying based on your understanding of Baumol's Disease. More often, we are hearing talk from the candidates on how we may health care for those who are not provided insurance through their employer. Too many Americans are forced to suffer with ailments that are easily treated but cost too much to afford without insurance. This is especially true due to the fact that most people without insurance are too poor to afford anything, especially medical treatment and medicine.

Perhaps you are callous enough to write off working-age adults without health insurance, and say that if they want to be treated then they can get off their butt and get a job like everyone else. However, many of those without insurance also have children who are uninsured. Are you callous enough to say that such children should suffer without the same fundamental medical treatment that your own children receive? If you say yes, then be prepared for a future of defective Americans.

Children who did not get their broken arms set properly, their cavities treated, anti-biotic for common infections, and their cavities filled will become adults who are less-than 100%. Be prepared that they will tend to work less and be sick more. They may also be more prone to acts of passive-aggression, blatant aggression, crime, and other anti-social activities. Never mind the potential they may have have held given the chance to grow up healthy and educated.

I was looking deeper into Baumol's disease to ensure I understood it well, and perhaps gain an additional perspective of the issue. In doing so, I stumbled on an old article that introduced another interesting concept and provided a prophetic message to the candidates of 2008. The article was published in the 6/20/94 issue of U.S. News and World Report by Michael Barone, and addressed Bill Clinton's 1994 budget, in light of his budget in 1993.

Barone introduces the concept of Norquist's Law. Norquist's Law was developed by Milwaukee Mayor John Norquist and stipulates that a healthy government budget should hold not increase spending faster than the rate of inflation. In this manner, Norquist demonstrates that the government would reduce the amount of the economy that they take in taxes every year.

What? Less taxes? Less spending? Fiscal responsibility and an ear to the voter's desire? Reducing the burden that we pay to the government for them to waste on pork and ineffective programs? Enabling us to spend more of our own money on our own interests? That's crazy talk!

Seriously, the first politician to mention anything close to Norquist's law has my vote. This is the prophetic message that I mentioned. The political candidates are having difficulty distinguishing themselves or finding a hot-button topic that fires up the grass-roots support. Here it is. A proven method for politicians to follow that will improve our government and our economy simultaneously: reduced government spending will bolster corporate and consumer spending while it forces our politicians to seek more effective programs and less wasteful spending.

The only way this Law could be effective, however, is if we also balance our budget. Norquist's Law would automatically balance the budget in the future theoretically: Assuming that we increase our spending at a lower rate than inflation and that revenues rise at historical rates, those line would have to cross at some point in the future, resulting in revenues exceeding expenditures.

In other words, if both of those assumptions hold firm, we could guarantee a budget surplus in the future, reducing our national debt. Reducing our debt would reduce our national expenses, further increasing our surplus. Long-term, we could pay off our debt and either drop our tax burden to a minuscule level or free up budget money for all the crazy schemes that our current politicians cook up.

I haven't done the math and I am not a trained economist, so I may be off base here. Having said that, I believe that we cannot assume that our revenues will rise or that we can contain our government's costs enough to remain under the rate of inflation if we do not find a way to balance the budget first. If our deficit continues to grow, the cost of maintaining a government will continue to skyrocket. If the institutions and nations that loan us money every lose faith in our ability to repay, they are going to make it very expensive and miserable to be an American. That point was inconceivable twenty years ago, today it is a fact that is not to distant if we do not make changes drastically and soon.

Several years ago, it was speculated that Hillary may run for President and in so doing would amass a powerful force of supporters just based on her gender. Now that she is a candidate, we do find some people who are supporting her based on gender, but not enough to turn the tide.

Obama is the first Black candidate who is not considered an extremist like Alan Keyes, Jesse Jackson, or Al Sharpton (don't those names look out of place in the same sentence?) However, race has not been enough for Obama to separate himself from the pack. In fact, you would have thought that Oprah's support would have drawn enough of Hillary's voters over to make the difference, but such is not the case yet.

Here we are with a war that is not exactly as popular as World War II. We have a president who has alienated many conservatives with his decisions on budgets, staff, and ethics. We have China eating our lunch, Russia is light on debt while heavy on cash and marketable commodities, the Muslim world continues to be a dangerous tinderbox, and atrocities continue daily in places like Burma and Darfur. At home, we could use some good news, economically. How hard can it be to get people fired up in this kind of environment?

I have always voted Republican; I cannot think of a single Democrat on any ballot I have had an opportunity to hold that I supported. That is not to say that there have not been Democrat's in other districts or time periods that I supported, I just couldn't vote for them. I am willing to vote for a Democrat, but it is less likely that I would vote for a Democrat than I would for a third-party candidate.

People who know this about me have asked me who I like for the Republican primary. I honestly do not know. I am a registered Independent (I'll write about that some other time) so perhaps the point is moot. I cannot say that any Republican gets me fired up to open up my checkbook, or to place a yard sign, or to even acknowledge public support. I could live with any of them, I guess. I could live with any of the Democrats, frankly. As long as Theresa Heinz-Kerry is not involved in the decision, I am fine with whatever will be.

If you are a presidential candidate reading this (hey, it could happen), then let me tell you this: if you make your primary promise to me that you will fight to the death for a balanced budget and something like Norquist's Law, you have my vote. I have charitable contribution to make for 2008's tax deductions: you will receive the entire amount. I am looking to start volunteering on some weekends; I will spend as much time as possible at your local campaign headquarters doing whatever it takes to get you elected. I will place a sign in my yard, wear your buttons on my shirt, stick your bumper sticker on my cars, and mention you on a daily basis in my sphere of influence. I will dedicate the rest of the election season on this blog to daily posts about you. I will tattoo your name on my forehead if it would help.

Seriously, we have a lot of problems to face. If you are a liberal, you have one perspective on our nation's problems. If you are conservative, you have another. There are also the perspectives of libertarians and others. The fact of the matter is that regardless of your perspective, you will have to agree with me on one thing if you look at the matter sincerely and do the math: every act of our government is is useless without a sustainable financial policy.

What effect did the word "sustainable" have on you as you read it? That is how I can tell your current political affiliation. If if made you perk up and read a little closer, then you are leaning left and Democratic. If it made you roll your eyes and think of Al Gore in a sickening way, then you are a right-leaning Republican. If you had to look it up in a dictionary, then you are not paying attention.

"Sustainable" is a part of a global discussion taking place, mostly concerning environmentalism or Third World economics. It refers to the ability of a system to continue without outside intervention. Sustainable models can reduce dependence on foreign aid, reduce damaging practices, and and raise the quality of life and standard of living from everyone involved. In addition, sustainability can reduce political instability, terrorism, and crime. Sustainability is, unfortunately, a buzz-word used to drum-up political support, acquire grants, and shout down opposing ideas.

I wish to point out that, like so many other things, sustainability begins at home. To be succinct, it begins with out financial policy. We cannot sustain our current budgetary system indefinitely; eventually this system will implode under the weight of debt. Believe me, I have been there personally. If you have a mortgage, car, student loan, and a high standard of living, you will find it quickly becomes uncomfortable if you lose your source of income, even if temporarily. What is true at the micro-economic level is usually true at the macro-level.

Our nation has a lot of debt and expenses. We also have a trade deficit, a war, and a recession. What would it take to cut-off the flow of money into our country? Now much, apparently. When foreign investors began to perceive that Americans would be less likely to payoff their mortgages, they made less Foreign Direct Investments (FDI) to our mortgage industry. Suddenly, there was less cash to give. Couple that with other economic factors such as stalled-job growth and adjustable-rate mortgages coming due, and you have the making for a "Sub-prime loan fiasco."

That was just a warning shot. China has more cash in the bank than any other nation, and they have more money flowing into their country through exports than any other nation. They control their currency, keeping it artificially weak so that their exports are more affordable while imports to China are cost-prohibitive to the Chinese consumer. America's affluence is due in large part to FDI; foreigners expected that they would get a larger rate of return with less risk and volatility if they invested in various American industries.

Nowadays, that expectation is reduced. Russian commodities are proving highly lucrative and Chinese manufacturing is both stable and rewarding. With less money from outside, we will have to foot the bill for more of our luxuries from internal sources. Alternatively, we may consider doing without luxuries that we take for granted today, like interstates, parks, bridges, jobs, research, arts, and utilities.

What every American, and especially our policy makers, should do more of is to view our nation through the eyes of a Foreign Investor. This is a flat world, and we need to receive as much or more than we give in order to sustain our standard of living. Currently, we spend more on imports than we make off our exports. That means we pay more money to foreign nations than we make. If you added up the money possessed by every American citizen and every American corporation, that sum would be our economy. That sum is a smaller number every year; we send money out more money to buy stuff than we receive by selling our stuff to other nations.

Today, we can sustain this trade deficit. However, we cannot expect to do so indefinetly; eventually, we will not have enough money to spend on stuff because we did not replenish our resources. This is an implosion because we will not be able to afford to maintain the export business at that point, eliminating future revenue. You go from living in the lap of luxury to catastrophic depression almost overnight.

A similar principle applies to our federal net-worth. Currently, we owe over 9 trillion dollars. Trillion, with a "t". Yeah.

But we are fabulously wealthy, right? We can pay for that debt because we innovative, ingenuitive, well-invested, well-connected, and in control of so many resources...right? Sure, we have sustained a sick amount of debt for decades now. If that was our only problem, we would be okay. We can make the payment on $9 trillion.

The thing is, we are spending more money than we take in. Every year, we have to borrow money to remain in business as a nation. Therefore, next year we will owe more, not less. That raises the minimum payment on the national debt. We can afford a $9 trillion dollar debt load, but can we afford $10 trillion? How about $15 trillion?

The fact of the matter is that eventually the final bill arrives. If you, personally, continue to aquire new credit cards to pay for the existing credit cards, at some time your minumum monthly payment will be too large to borrow. At that point, you will find that you cannot even borrow money from the check-cashing place. Vinny the loan-shark would even touch you. Congratulations, you are no longer solvent. You can file for bankruptcy and start all over again.

Nations cannot file bankruptcy. When they scare off investors and lenders, they cause panic. Businesses shutdown, roads crumble, corruption spreads, crime runs rampant, self-abuse and neglect replace health-care. That can't happen to America? Tell that to the Roman Empire. Tell that to the Incan Empire. Tell that to any predator that has eaten its prey faster than it could multiply.

I agree, it seems unlikely that we couldn't prevent total insolvency as a nation. However, it is a possibility. The more likely occurrence is a generation-long recession. Or worse, a financial and cultural recession measured in centuries. Ask the Chinese about that, or just look it up on Wikipedia. Today, the Chinese are a fearsome economic power. In the 1930's, they were dominated by a tiny little island named Japan. You have to go pretty far back to locate the last time that China enjoyed this level of power and prosperity.

I would like to spend my retirement years in comfort and peace. I would like to know that my grandchildren can enjoy the same or greater nation that I have enjoyed. I would like to live longer than my ancestors, and get more out of my final years; by this, I mean that I want to enjoy cutting-edge health-care that keeps me alive and active as long as possible.

The labor costs of health care are only going to go up, according to Baumol's disease. At what point will those costs become prohibitive? Well, that depends on how much money Americans have available to them to spend on health care. Our available money is dependent on the national economy. If our taxes are at 50% in order to afford our national debt, which may be over twenty trillion dollars, and our local businesses are less prosperous, then influenza-exposure at 80 years old may not be a survivable experience.

That is why I am making a pledge of support to any politician who can convince me that they can and will do something about our financial sustainability. I am not looking for sound-bytes among your other "issues"; I am looking for someone who truly realizes that our national policy of financial irresponsiblity is our greatest threat to our future, and will make that their primary focus.

You can argue that Iraq has something to do with our future. Whether you think that we need to finish the fight to get out of Iraq, you would have have to agree that your reasons are moot in the future if we cannot pay our bills. Winning the Global War on Terrorism is meaningless if it contributes to our insolvency; withdrawing from Iraq will not do any good if the returning vets settle into a life that leads to higher taxes, less prosperity, and a national decline.

You can argue about the importance of health care, especially for children near or below the poverty line. I would say that whatever good intentions you have will cause bounced checks an unmet expectations in the near future if we do not fix our financial irresponsibility. In fact, the same can be said of any social program you mention: it all costs money that we did not have yesterday, do not have today, and surely will not be able to borrow in the future.

You can complain about China and India, and scream about tarrifs and the trade deficit all you want. The fact is, even if those jobs were being sent here and we enjoyed a trade surplus, we would still face a catastrophe in the future based on the current irresponsibility of the people who we have entrusted with spending our taxes. If we had more coming in, we would have more going out. In fact, it may be even worse.

Establish financial sustainability as a policy. Balance the budget. Reduce the national debt. Control government spending, and do not increase it faster than the rate of inflation. See what happens.

Spoiler alert! If you follow the simple steps outlined in the paragraph above, or at least operate the federal budget in a manner similiar to financially successful citizens and companies, the other problems will become more manageable. Many problems will take care of themselves.

Economics is all about psychology. Think about it: what makes that green piece of paper valuable to other people? You could write anything you want on that piece of paper in any color you want with watermarks and embedded technologies unheard of, but it will never have value until the other person is convinced of its value. We have all agreed that the dollar can be exchanged for goods; that is what makes the dollar valuable. Cultivating that thought is the fact that we know so many other people find it valuable. We know that we can use our dollar am millions of places all over the world to buiy whatever our heart desires. If we believed otherwise, that same piece of paper would become worthless, without changing form.

We need to cultivate a belief in the value of the dollar. We can do that by making our nation financially sustainable, like China and Russia and so many other nations who we once looked down on as economic-midgets. By righting our ship, we will be forced to pay a fee right now in the form of inconvenience. Believe me when I say this: that fee has to paid sometime, and it compunds over time. If you leave it for your children to pay, you have committed a fomr of child abuse that is beyond evil. It is horrible to abuse your own children, but to abuse all future generations with one policy is beyond evil.

Clinton and Greenspan demonstrated the effects of balanced budgets and solvency on American prosperity. If you look back on the 90's, you can see how balanced budgets and news of surpluses affected the markets. When we bailed out Mexico, it not only prevented a catastrophe and generated a trunaround in their nation, we too saw increases in market activity. When Clinton reduced spending and deficits in his budget, Greenspan at the Fed with statements and moves in the interest rates. Greenspan's actions make the financial markets turn backflips of joy. And when the financial markets are happy, almost everybody is happy. Even the poorest Americans can benefit during a bull market in most cases.

I didn't like Bill Clinton, personally. As a Marine, I was forced to salute him but I disagreed with many policies and philosophies that he held. However, I miss the days where someone challenged congress over their pork-barrell spending. I miss the days when a President earnestly sought for balanced-budgets and reduced debt. I wuoldn't say that Clinton had the right idea about how to trim the budget, but at least he tried. Most of all, though, I liked how cocky and secure our financial markets felt when Clinton and Greenspan were working together to lay the fundamentals for a healthy economy.

Wow, I didn't know I had that much to say on the subject of Baumol's Disease and Norquist's Law (which is what lead me to start this post.)

Every Presidential Candidate right now is spinning their tires. I don't see anyone really striking a chorus. Try this: focus on the root of the problem. Focus on the heart of the matter. Don't pull on my heart-strings, pull on wallet: at the end of the day, that's what will fire me up. Everthing else is just a subcategory; money is what makes the world go 'round.

Here are a few articles you can look up in EbscoHost or Proquest (head to your local library for assistance if you are unfamiliar with these databases--they are a fantastic way to find exactly what you need to know without leaving your desk):

-Baumol WJ. Do health care costs matter? New Republic. Nov. 22, 1993:16-18.

-Bobby J. Newbell, MD, November/December 2007, www.aafp.org/fpm, FAMILY PRACTICE MANAGEMENT, pg. 11.

-Jackson JR. Is technology displacing the art of medicine? Physician Exec. March/April 2004:46-50.

-Government gets a shrink. By: Barone, Michael, U.S. News & World Report, 00415537, 6/20/94, Vol. 116, Issue 24.

Saturday, October 6, 2007

Corporate Social Responsibility? Never Heard of It.

I have been studying business in one form or another since I was a teenager. We received lessons on finance, economics, and market-based realities starting in junior high school from Junior Achivement. I also learned a lot from my business-minded father. I found business interesting and understandable.

That education never really ceased over the years, but it took on a new dimension in the summer of 1997 when I took my first college course, "Business Math". For the next ten years, I would be employed in the business world by successful companies, including two Fortune 500 companies. I would take required and voluntary training offered by those companies and read the emails sent out by managers. I would also attend four colleges that all cater to the business community. I would be exposed to an immeasurable amount of marketing messages through the TV, Radio, print, billboards, and Internet. I often read business headlines and news. I listen to books on tape, many of which are business-oriented. In other words, I am well-versed in popular business messages and ideas. Or, so I thought.

In the second to last class required to attain my Bachelor of Science in Business Management degree from Baker University, a well-respected school in the local business community, I had a paper to write. The class was "Multi-National Management" and the requirement of the paper was vague enough: almost anything having to do with managing a company with operations in several nations. I was interested in Russia at the time and knew that there would be many resources describing the sticky situation of doing business there amidst the infamous corruption, the remnant paradigms of communism, and the rampant xenophobia in Russia. Among other relevant articles, I found an article that argued for teaching the concepts of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) to Russian managers. The authors briefly explained what CSR was, why Russians would likely be responsive to the message, and where the biggest opportunities would be in their society and economy.

This was the first time I had heard of CSR. The concepts show up all over the place in religion, ethics, morale stories, common sense, and business practices. However, I had never heard of this singular business concept that provided a framework and philosophy for social concerns, with data to prove the financial benefits of socially-responsible actions. I was floored; I was interested; I was born again.

Where was I during all that education, corporate training, and real-world experience? Was I sleeping through the CSR modules? Why was it that with over 120 credit hours in American business schools, plus twelve years of grammar and high school, I had never seen the three words "corporate", "social, "and "responsibility" put together in that order and context? After thousands of dollars, hours, books, papers, test, lectures, emails, phone calls, and conversations, I am just hearing about CSR now, from individual research, with only a two months to go before I graduate with a Bachelor of Science in Business Management?

The last class that Baker required for my degree, it turns out, was a class that included the topic of CSR. However, the course did not use CSR as the religion, philosophy, framework, or guiding principle within which to define business ethics and community response; CSR was simply a topic in a chapter. It was downplayed as another definition to learn. For the students in that class who had not had a religious experience when they learned of CSR, it become another term to throw around in conversation and look smart.

I will never be the same. The article about CSR that was one of several sources for a paper that barely matter in the grand scheme of things has become my gospel. It is the good news I have been searching for. It helped me re-merge my splitting personalities, one which hated the monstrous and evil corporate ideal and the other that waved the banner of capitalism and saw no other way to live.



This is a link to the article that introduced me to CSR and got me excited about the future of business and America. If the link ever breaks, you can look on Ebsco-Host, Lexis-Nexis, or other periodical database for the following article:

Professors David S. Harrison and Patsy G. Lewellyn: "Russian Management Training Programs: Do Corporate Responsibility Topics have a Place?" Management Accounting Quarterly, Summer 2004: pages 25-36. I found it at: ABI/INFORM Global (PROQUEST) via Collins Library on 09 June 2007.

CSR? Why?

There is no doubt that capitalism has an ugly side and corporations can do great harm to communities and individuals. That always gnawed at me. I was raised on Christian ideals of charity, generosity, and the benefits of providing for needy people. I was also raised in the cold war and knew the evils of socialism and restricted markets. That is the source of my split personality.

The article that introduced me to CSR explained how Russians who were raised with communist paradigms could come to terms with capitalist principles by learning about CSR. This would allow them to seek profits while keeping the community in mind. In fact, it can be shown that including your stakeholders (employees, vendors, communities, governments, and special interests as well as your customers and shareholders) in your decisions can often make you more profitable, reduce your costs, improve your marketing efforts, and prevent many costly liabilities. According to the authors, who are American professors with extensive experience among Russian companies, this is a message that many Russians are waiting for. It is a message I had been waiting for as well.

Is it possible to be a company that really cares about people and remains profitable? Is it possible to insist that your employees, vendors, and customers all embrace certain ethical and environmental standards without losing your competitive edge? Is it possible to gain a competitive edge by being a good employer, a community partner, and leaving a soft footprint on the planet? CSR says yes.

If more companies said yes to the principles of CSR, we would have cleaner air and water, we would have more people gainfully employed and less cut loose after years of loyalty, we would have more employees who loved and were loyal to their company, and we would have safer products. The benefits of CSR-embracing companies never end.

Best of all, we would have an answer to America-haters. People once looked up to America and spoke of us in respectful awe because our freedom and prosperity was so rare. As democracy and globalization spread, people began to see America as a greedy, oppressive profiteer. I don't think that the military actions of Truman, Kennedy, Reagan, Clinton, and the Bushes are to blame for most of the ill-will towards America. I do not think the CIA is to blame. I think that the actions of so many corporations headquartered in America, sending American managers to foreign cultures to produce at low-cost and high-productivity and then send all of the wealth back to America is the cause for 99% of the ill-will aimed at us today.

If my generation, known as X, were to begin exporting socially-responsible policies among the multi-national corporations that we are gaining control of from the baby-boomers, then Generation Y (my kids) would get to know America as the baby-boomers did: the prosperous and high-minded nation that makes the planet better for everyone.

The authors of this article, Professors David S. Harrison and Patsy G. Lewellyn, spoke of how Russians lost that sense of purpose and working for the good of the community that they had under communism, a void that could be filled by the principles of CSR. I think that we, the western half of the Cold War, lost something too when communism fell.

America stood for democracy; we were the beacon of freedom. Now that freedom and capitalism is almost commonplace around the world, what do we stand for? Are you satisfied to be the leader against Islamic-fundamentalist terrorism (the so-called Global War on Terrorism)? Somehow, that isn't as sexy as opposing communism. What will we stand for once we have evidence of bin Laden's demise and the terrorist networks are rendered ineffective? What if the whole Muslim world decided as one to liberalize tomorrow? What would America stand for if we didn't have Terrorism to oppose?

Do we need to stand for anything? I say yes. If we are the leader, then we have more control over our destiny. Do we want to be Mexico or Canada and have people snicker when we assert ourselves? If we do not lead, then we will lose ground in the global market and will attract much less Foreign Direct Investment--in other words, there will be less money in America to go around. Are you willing to make do with less? How much less?

My vision for America is that we stand for being socially responsible and profitable. As Generation X retires and Generation Y takes the helm, let America be looked up to for her prosperity and her benevolence. I hope that 30 years from today, as I may be retired or close to it, that America will not be known as a has-been but as a must-be.

Our schools are not preparing our kids to compete with Asia and Central Europe. Our companies are losing their dominance. America is losing its bragging right as the most benevolent, free, and prosperous nation. The environment has certainly been affected by the actions of humans and may jeopardize our future health and happiness.

Maintaining the status quo is not an option. We need a change. I vote for free markets dominated by socially-responsible corporations. Do you have a better idea?

Thursday, August 16, 2007

Dreams vs. Memories

I cannot stop thinking about what I read in Chapter 15 of "The World is Flat" (Release 2.0, 1996). Author Thomas Friedman is discussing "The Curse of Oil" and near the end of the section, on p. 564, he says "When you have to make things with your hands and then trade with others in order to flourish, not just dig a well in your own backyard, it inevitably broadens imagination and increases tolerance and trust." After that grabbed me, I reread an earlier section of the chapter where, starting on p.553, Friedman discusses, "Does your society have more memories than dreams or more dreams than memories?" He says that if memories are emphasized over dreams in a company or culture, and of course in an individual, "the end is near."

The need for imagination and dreams is a deep part of the American culture, and has been since our inception. The need for imagination and dreams is what brought almost everybody here (those us who came here willingly.)

Today in the American culture, among people who have been Americans for several generations, you can see a similar divide. The people who have no imagination, no dreams, and who cannot or will not trade their services in the market place are usually the trouble makers, regardless of their location, race, and creed. I have seen people come from a poor ghetto, country, or trailer-park atmosphere, dare to dream, and went on to make something of themselves. It seems all that these rags-to-middle-class-or-better people needed was the audaciousness to dream (despite the laughter and maliciousness of family and peers), and an imagination to develop their competitive advantage.

In a global context, I see the dynamic that Friedman talks about as well. The U.S. has oil, but not enough that we can rely on it for our needs. We require imagination, innovation, and elbow-grease to feed our people. Dubai in the United Arab Emirates realized that they will soon no longer be able to rely on oil profits, so they imagined an indoor ski hill in the middle of the desert, and man-made islands in the form of palm trees.

I wonder about Russia. They are desperate to fix their economic problems, crumbling infrastructure, and demographic problems. They have oil, natural gas, coal, iron, diamonds, gold, and a plethora of other resources to sell. Luckily, those resources are not enough to run the worlds largest nation, because Russia has the cultural tendency to run rough-shod over its people and suppress imagination. However, non-renewable commodities are currently the primary fuel of their economic engine, and without those resources they would not be a blip on any economic radar.

When you read about Russia suppressing freedom and violating asset ownership it usually has to do with harvesting natural resources--but not always. There is also the problem of the Russian Mafia, which many people say is unavoidable at some point of doing business in Russia. The smaller municipalities have had a tendency to allow western companies to bring in imagination, technology, and capital, and then allow a local company to take over the operation. We all have seen the former KGB officer who somehow ingested a poisonous level of a radioactive substance, and the journalists who were critical of the Kremlin and somehow ran into freak, fatal accidents.

I see two Russia's. In both, the memory is long. However, in one Russia the memory is of the horrors of the Soviet Union and the Czars, which inspires a larger set of dreams for the future. In the other Russia, the memories are of "the good old days" of the Soviet Union when everybody pulled together, hard decisions were made for you, the problems were swept under the rug, and the politicians had absolute power. Here, imagination is dead. Which one rules Russia? Which one is in the hearts of the majority of Russians? Have all the Russians with dreams and the capacity for imagination left already? It would be a shame if the "Brain Drain" not only sucked out knowledge and experience, but drained away dreams, imaginations, hopes, and aspirations of a culture.

I am left wondering how we can inspire nations like Iraq and Afghanistan to dream, rather than remembering what Abdul did to Ali in 1322 A.D. I am left wondering how to replace or prop up dreams that have left the American poor, Russia, and elsewhere. And I wonder if the next generation of terrorists will come from imagination-challenged nations like France and Russia (or the American trailer-park and inner-cities), rather than Egypt and Saudi Arabia.

Friday, July 13, 2007

Russian Macroeconomics

Every American knows that our national debt is unbelievably high; how convenient that it is a number that is difficult to imagine. When I think about the balance of my mortgage, it is a number that is easy to imagine. When I research a company for investment purposes and find their debt to be measured in 8 or 9 digits, I can compare that number to their assets, their income, and to the debts of similar companies. But the debt of the United States is almost inconceivable: according to the CIA's World Factbook, the U.S. debt stands at $10.04 trillion! I have held thousands of dollars, I can calculate millions in my head, I have worked for multi-billion dollar companies. However, I have no frame of reference for 10 trillion dollars. I suspect most Americans also have no way to conceptualize that amount. Therefore, trillion dollar debt sounds bad, but our brain never calculates how bad it is.

Now, let's talk about Russia. I think most Americans conceptualize Russia as backwards, depressed, poor, crumbling, corrupt, and economically ignorant. To be sure, Russia has many problems and many of them are economic. However, like the communist, socialist black hole of China, Russia is in a pretty good place when you look at macroeconomic fundamentals. Again, I am using the CIA World Factbook as a source. They have run a budget surplus since 2001. Their GDP grew an average of 6.7% since 1998. They have pre-paid all Soviet-era sovereign debt to Paris Club creditors and the IMF (over $22 billion). They have a stabilization fund of $89 billion, and the third largest foreign exchange reserve (after China and Japan) of $315.5 billion. Their debt in 2006 was $287.4 billion. In other words, if they didn't have to cover the value of the Ruble, they could payoff all of their debt and still buy a few fighter planes!

Since the 1980's most Americans have been aware of the United States' trade deficit. Americans have piles of disposable income to waste on junk food and trinkets, and goods in other currencies are dirt cheap when purchased in dollars, so we import more than we export. And here's the rub: The more we spend on foreign products, the less money in the U.S. economy, generally speaking. At some point, if you ship out more money than you bring in you end up bankrupt. I am not an advocate for tariffs and quotas, I am just pointing out a math problem.

How is Russia doing? Very well, thank you very much. Russia's imports were $171.5 billion in 2006 and their exports were $317.6 billion. For the same period, U.S. imports were $1.869 trillion and our exports were $1.024 trillion. Therefore, Russia gained $146.1 billion from trade and the U.S. lost $849 billion.

Let's talk budget again for a second. In 2006, the U.S. had revenues of $2.409 trillion and expenditures of $2.66 trillion. For the same period, Russia had revenues of $222.2 billion and spent only $157.3 billion. So for one year, the U.S had to finance $251 billion dollars, while Russia was able to pocket $64.9 billion. And this has been going on for years!

Russia has had negative population growth for a while now, suffered from inflation and emigration, their infrastructure is still in shambles, corruption is rampant, the rule of law is often laughable, and they have some major political issues to resolve. However, when you already have a powerful economy, these other problems are easier to solve.

I hear people in America making noise about abortion, stem cells, social security, immigration, health care, line item vetoes, steroids in baseball, and gay marriage; as if any of these things really mattered. Look, you can neither allow nor prevent gay marriage when your nation is broke. You cannot provide health care or social security when we are begging China for money.

If we don't fix our macroeconomic fundamentals today, we will have potholes in our interstates, the White House will yellow from neglect, the Capital dome will crumble, and all our best doctors and scientists will leave our institutions for greener pastures. Men like Bill Gates and Warren Buffet will cash in their dollars and hold assets in a more stable currency, in a more stable country.

Our debt can be easily conceptualized, but not in units. Here is how: What comes after trillions? Quadrillions? No. Bankruptcy.

Who would have thought that we would need an economic lesson from Russia?